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Without Buddha I Could Not Be a Christian
Lecture for Community of Chogye Order
-Paul F. Knitter
Union Theological Seminary
- I feel both deeply grateful and deeply honored. So I thank and bow to Zen Master Jinje sunim and Donghwa-sa sindonim-deul for this opportunity to be with you. It is an opportunity to form and foster friendship. And it is an opportunity to talk to each other, learn from each other, and work with each other in trying to respond to the suffering of all sentient beings and of our planet earth.
¿À´Ã ÀÌ ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¼­°Ô µÈ °ÍÀÌ ³Ê¹« °¨»çÇÏ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ Å« ¿µ±¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ±âȸ¸¦ ÁֽŠÁøÁ¦ ½º´Ô°ú µ¿È­»ç ½Åµµ´Ôµé²² ¸Ó¸® ¼÷¿© °¨»çµå¸³´Ï´Ù. ¿À´Ã ÀÌ ÀÚ¸®´Â ¿ì¸®µé »çÀÌÀÇ ¿ì¾Ö¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°í ±í°Ô ÇÒ ±âȸÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Àηù¿Í Áö±¸ÀÇ ¸ðµç Áß»ýÀÇ °íÅë¿¡ ÀÀ´äÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼­·Î ´ëÈ­ÇÏ°í, ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô¼­ ¹è¿ì°í, ÇÔ²² ÀÏÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±âȸÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
- That’s what I would like to talk about with you today: the opportunity and the urgency of interreligious conversation and collaboration. Such interreligious dialogue, in our contemporary globally connected, but also globally threatened, world is both an opportunity and an urgency. My focus will be the dialogue between Buddhism and Christianity.
¿À´Ã ¿©·¯ºÐ°ú ³ª´©°í ½ÍÀº À̾߱â´Â Á¾±³°£ ´ëÈ­¿Í Çù·ÂÀÇ ±âȸ¿Í ±ä±ÞÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áö±¸ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, Áö±¸ÀûÀ¸·Î À§±â¿¡ óÇØ ÀÖ´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ Á¾±³ÀÎµé »çÀÌÀÇ ´ëÈ­´Â ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ±âȸÀÌÀÚ ±ä±ÞÇÑ °úÁ¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·± Å« ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ Á¦°¡ ¸»¾¸µå¸®·Á´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ±³¿Í ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ´ëÈ­ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
- This opportunity and this urgency of interreligious dialogue confront us on two different but deeply related levels: the geopolitical level and the personal level.
¿ì¸®°¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Á¾±³°£ ´ëÈ­ÀÇ ±âȸ¿Í ±ä±Þ¼ºÀº µÎ °¡Áö ´Ù¸£¸é¼­µµ ±í¾î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Â÷¿øÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÁöÁ¤ÇÐÀû Â÷¿ø°ú °³ÀÎÀû Â÷¿øÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
I. THE GEOPOLITICAL URGENCY OF INTERRELIGIOUS DIALOGUE
Á¾±³´ëÈ­ÀÇ ÁöÁ¤ÇÐÀû ±ä±Þ¼º
A. Death or Dialogue
Á×À½ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ´ëÈ­
- Many years ago, I co-authored a book titled: DeathorDialogue. The title sounded a bit sensational then, but not as much today. Perhaps today we could rephrase the title: TheClashofCivilizationsortheCooperationofCivilizations.
- Are our nations and our civilizations destined to clash and compete with each other until one of them proves its superiority, as Samuel Huntington seems to suggest?
¿©·¯ÇØ Àü, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÊÀÚµé°ú ÇÔ²² “Á×À½ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ´ëÈ­”¶ó´Â Ã¥À» ½è½À´Ï´Ù. ±× Á¦¸ñÀº ´ç½Ã¿¡´Â Áö±Ýº¸´Ù ´Ù¼Ò ¼±Á¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡ ¸Â°Ô Á¦¸ñÀ» ´Ù½Ã Áþ´Â´Ù¸é, ¾Æ¸¶µµ “¹®¸íÀÇ Ãæµ¹ ȤÀº ¹®¸íÀÇ Çù·Â”ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °Ì´Ï´Ù.
- ¿ì¸®°¡ Á÷¸éÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Áú¹®Àº, »õ¹Â¾ó ÇåƾÅÏÀÌ ÁÖÀåÇϵí, ³ª¶óµé°ú ¹®¸íµéÀÌ ±×µé Áß ÇϳªÀÇ ¿ì¿ù¼ºÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ¼­·Î Ãæµ¹ÇÏ°í °æÀïÇϵµ·Ï ¿î¸íÁö¿öÁ® Àִ°¡,
- Or are our nations – and the ethnic groups within our nations – called to collaborate and cooperate?
- Are human beings more disposed to conflict or to cooperation?
¾Æ´Ï¸é, ³ª¶óµéÀÌ, ±×¸®°í ±× ³ª¶óµé ¾ÈÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÌ ¼­·Î Çù·ÂÇÏ°í Çùµ¿ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸¹Þ°í Àִ°¡, ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
°ú¿¬ ¿ì¸® Àΰ£Àº °¥µî¿¡ ´õ À̲ø¸®´Â Á¸ÀçÀϱî¿ä, ¾Æ´Ï¸é Çù·Â¿¡ ´õ À̲ø¸®´Â Á¸ÀçÀϱî¿ä?
B. The Role of Religions
- I do believe that the religious communities of the world have a vital role to play in how that question is answered.
Àú´Â ¼¼°èÀÇ Á¾±³ °øµ¿Ã¼µéÀÌ ÀÌ Áú¹®ÀÇ ´äÀ» ã´Â µ¥ ÀÖ¾î Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù.
- Hans Küng’s dictum has become almost a cliché, but it is a cliché that we must keep repeating and take seriously: There will be nopeace among nations without peace among religions. And there will be nopeace among religions without greater dialogue among religions.
Áö±¸À±¸®ÀÇ ÃʾÈÀÚÀÎ µ¶ÀÏÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÀÚ Çѽº ŤÀº “Á¾±³µé »çÀÌÀÇ ÆòÈ­ ¾øÀÌ ³ª¶óµé »çÀÌÀÇ ÆòÈ­´Â ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í Á¾±³µé »çÀÌÀÇ ´ëÈ­ ¾øÀÌ Á¾±³µé »çÀÌÀÇ ÆòÈ­´Â ¾ø´Ù”°í ¸»ÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦´Â ³Ê¹« ÀÚÁÖ µé¾î ÁøºÎÇÑ ¸»Ã³·³ µé¸®±âµµ ÇÏÁö¸¸, ŤÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ °ÅµìÇؼ­ ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â Áø½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
C. The reality of Korea
Çѱ¹ÀÇ Çö½Ç
- I believe that recent events on the Korean peninsula bear witness to how much we must take Küng’s admonition seriously.
Àú´Â ÃÖ±Ù Çѹݵµ¿¡¼­ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ »çŵéÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ŤÀÇ Ãæ°í¸¦ ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©¿©¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù.
- On the same day I was writing these words, I read this headline in the NewYorkTimes:“AmidTension,SouthKoreaHoldsNationwideAir-RaidDrill,”forthefirsttimesince1975.Thesedrills,ofcourse,resultedfromthefearsstirredbytheNorthKoreanartilleryattackonYeonpyeongIslandonNov.23. (http://nyti.ms/fvE2cx ) The volcano of tensions between North and South Korea continues to rumble and threaten to erupt.
ÀÌ °­¿¬ÀÇ ¿ø°í¸¦ ¾²°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§, [´º¿åŸÀÓÁî] ±â»ç¸¦ Àоú½À´Ï´Ù. ±º»çÀû ±äÀå ¼Ó¿¡, 1975³â ÀÌÈÄ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ³²ÇÑ¿¡¼­ ¹æ°øÈÆ·ÃÀ» Çß´Ù´Â ¼Ò½ÄÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ ÈÆ·ÃÀº Áö³­ ÇØ 11¿ù 23ÀÏ, ºÏÇÑÀÇ ¿¬Æòµµ Æ÷°ÝÀÌ ¾ß±âÇÑ È¥¶õ°ú µÎ·Á¿òÀÇ °á°ú¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ³²-ºÏ ±äÀåÀÇ ºÐÈ­±¸´Â ¾ðÁ¦¶óµµ ºÐÃâÇÒ µí ²ú¾î ¿À¸£°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
- Then there are the recent intrusions of Korean Christians into Buddhist temples in Seoul and Daegu, especially here in Dong-hwa-sah, in which they denounced the validity of Buddhism and proclaimed the coming victory of Christianity.
- More recently, there have been the fire-damages inflicted upon Bumuh-sah in Pusan, presumably by an anti-Buddhist fanatic.
ÇÑÆí, ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â, ÀϺΠ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ¼­¿ï ºÀÀº»ç¿Í ƯÈ÷ ¿©±â ´ë±¸ µ¿È­»ç¿¡ µé¾î¿Í ºÒ±³¸¦ ÆïÇÏÇÏ°í ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ½Â¸®¸¦ ¼±¾ðÇÑ, ¼ÒÀ§ ‘¶¥¹â±â’°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â ¼Ò½ÄÀ» µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ºÒ±³¸¦ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ±¤½Åµµ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÇ´Â ¹ü¾î»çÀÇ Ãµ¿Õ¹® ¹æÈ­ »ç°ÇÀÇ ºÒÇàÇÑ ¼Ò½Äµµ µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
- These clashes, political and religious, are very different. And yet I venture to say that they are not unrelated. To overcome the causes of interreligious clashes would be a major step in overcoming the causes of political conflict.
- Or more positively, the more Korean Christians and Buddhists can tap into and discover the resources in their own practices that call them to embrace each other, the more they will be both examples and agents for making such an embrace of North and South possible.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ãæµ¹¿¡¼­, ³²-ºÏ Ãæµ¹Àº Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ°í ºÒ±³-±×¸®½ºµµ±³ Ãæµ¹Àº Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ̱⿡ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, °¨È÷ ¸»¾¸µå¸®°Çµ¥, ³²-ºÏÀÇ ±º»çÀû Ãæµ¹°ú Á¾±³Àû Ãæµ¹Àº ¹«°üÇÑ °Ô ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. Á¾±³Àû Ãæµ¹ÀÇ ¿øÀεéÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Á¤Ä¡Àû °¥µîÀÇ ¿øÀεéÀ» ±Øº¹Çϱâ À§ÇÑ Áß¿äÇÑ ÇÑ ´Ü°è°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
´õ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ¸»¾¸µå¸°´Ù¸é, Çѱ¹ÀÇ ºÒÀÚ¿Í ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ¼­·Î¸¦ Æ÷¿ëÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¿øõÀ» °¢ÀÚÀÇ ÀüÅë ¾È¿¡¼­ ´õ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö·Ï, ºÒÀÚ¿Í ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀº ³²ÇÑ°ú ºÏÇÑÀÌ ¼­·Î¸¦ Æ÷¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Â º»º¸±âÀÌÀÚ ÁÖü°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
- Naturally, since the most recent disturbances have been perpetrated by Christians, there is a particular urgency within the Korean Christian community to confront what I believe are the theological causes for such arrogance and violence.
- These causes are rooted in what I, and many other Christians, believe are the false notions that Christianity is the only valid religion for all of humanity. Such claims of superiority and exclusivity contradict the teachings of Jesus.
- What has happened recently in Korea is another example of how claims of religious exclusivity lead to acts of religious violence.
¹°·Ð, ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ¼Òµ¿ÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀε鿡 ÀÇÇØ ÀúÁú·¯Áø °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ °øµ¿Ã¼µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿À¸¸°ú Æø·ÂÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÀû ¿øÀεéÀ» Á÷¸éÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ±ä±Þ¼ºÀ» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ¿øÀεéÀº ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸®½ºµµ±³¸¸ÀÌ ¸ðµç Àηù¿¡°Ô À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô À¯È¿ÇÑ Á¾±³¶ó´Â À߸øµÈ °ü³ä¿¡ »Ñ¸®¸¦ µÎ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·± ¿ì¿ù¼º°ú ¹èŸ¼º ÁÖÀåÀº ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ¾î±ß³ª´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÃÖ±Ù Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ÀϾ ‘¶¥¹â±â’¿Í °°Àº »ç°ÇÀº Á¾±³Àû ¹èŸ¼ºÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô Á¾±³Àû Æø·ÂÀ¸·Î À̾îÁö´Â Áö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ÇÑ »ç·ÊÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
D. To properly explore the connections between religion and violence, and religion and peace, would require another lecture. Today, I want to concentrate on why Buddhist-Christian dialogue is important, even urgent, on the personal level.
Á¾±³¿Í Æø·Â, Á¾±³¿Í ÆòÈ­ÀÇ ¿¬°á°í¸®¸¦ Á¤È®È÷ Ž±¸ÇÏ·Á¸é ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ °­¿¬ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ë½Å, ¿À´Ã Àú´Â ¿Ö ºÒ±³-±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ´ëÈ­°¡ Áß¿äÇÏ°í ±ä±ÞÇÑÁö¸¦ ÀúÀÇ Ã¼Çè¿¡ ±âÃÊÇؼ­ ¸»¾¸µå¸®´Â µ¥ ÁýÁßÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
- Such Buddhist-Christian dialogue on the personal level is the topic of my book, soon to be translated into Korean, WithoutBuddhaICouldNotBeaChristian.
- It traces my own dialogical odyssey with Buddhism which I would like to share and discuss with you today.
ÀúÀÇ Ã¼ÇèÀû Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ÀÇ ºÒ±³-±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ´ëÈ­´Â Á¦°¡ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¾´ Ã¥ [ºÎó´Ô ¾øÀÌ ³ª´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù]ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¥Àº °ð Çѱ¹¾î·Îµµ ¹ø¿ªµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
[ºÎó´Ô ¾øÀÌ ³ª´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù]´Â ÀúÀÇ ºÒ±³·ÎÀÇ ´ëÈ­Àû ¿©ÇàÀ» µÇ¤¾î ¼ºÂûÇÑ Ã¥ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±× ³»¿ëµéÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ¿À´Ã ¿©·¯ºÐ°ú ÇÔ²² ³ª´©°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù.
II. THE PERSONAL URGENCY OF INTERRELIGIOUS DIALOGUE
Á¾±³´ëÈ­ÀÇ °³ÀÎÀû Á߿伺
A. The rise of “comparative theology” and “multiple practice” in the United States and Europe
¹Ì±¹°ú À¯·´¿¡¼­ÀÇ “ºñ±³½ÅÇД°ú “¿©·¯ ÀüÅëÀ» ½ÇõÇϱâ”ÀÇ ¹ß»ý
- Today in the United States there is a growing awareness, on both the academic and the popular levels, that in order to be religious one must be interreligious. The challenge is “to be religious interreligiously.”
¿À´Ã³¯ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â, Çй®Àû, ´ëÁßÀû Â÷¿ø ¸ðµÎ¿¡¼­, ¿ì¸®°¡ Á¾±³ÀûÀ̱â À§Çؼ­´Â Á¾±³´ëÈ­°¡ ÇʼöÀûÀ̶ó´Â ÀνÄÀÌ ´Ã¾î³ª°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µµÀüÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀº “Á¾±³´ëÈ­ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¾±³ÀûÀ̱┠¶§¹®to be religious interreligiouslyÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
- On the academic level, this is called comparative theology–the growing conviction that in order to truly understand one’s own tradition, one must be in conversation with other traditions.
- Or in Buddhist terms: the religions of the world are interconnected, and they must deepen their awareness of this interconnection.
Çй®Àû Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ ÀÌ´Â ‘ºñ±³½ÅÇÐ’ comparative theologyÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸³´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÅÇÐ ¿îµ¿Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¾±³ ÀüÅëÀ» ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÀüÅëµé°ú ´ëÈ­Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â È®½Å¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ºÒ±³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»Çϸé, ¼¼°èÀÇ ¸ðµç Á¾±³µéÀº »óÈ£ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, Á¾±³µéÀº ÀÌ ¿¬°áÀÇ ½Ç»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνÄÀ» ±í°Ô Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
- On the popular level, there is the growing phenomenon in the United States of “dual belonging” – or dual – even multiple – religious practice. People are discovering that they can, and sometimes must, draw nourishment from more than one religious tradition and practice.
¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ´ëÁßÀû Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ “µÎ ÀüÅë¿¡ ¼ÓÇϰųª” ȤÀº “µÎ ÀüÅë,” ½ÉÁö¾î “¿©·¯ ÀüÅëÀ» ½Çõ”ÇÏ´Â Çö»óµµ ´Ã¾î³ª°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ Á¾±³ÀüÅëµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿µÀû ÀÚ¾çºÐÀ» °¡Á®¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¶§·Î´Â ±×·¡¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇØ°¡°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
- Of course, what we in the West are discovering about “dual religious belonging” has long been a reality in most of the countries of Asia. This is nothing new for Asians who in their daily lives have naturally and normally combined beliefs and practices from Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and indigenous traditions.
¹°·Ð, ¿ì¸® ¼­¾ç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇöÀç ¹ß°ßÇØ°¡°í ÀÖ´Â “µÎ ÀüÅë¿¡ ¼ÓÇϱ┴ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ¹Ì ¿À·§µ¿¾È üÇèµÇ¾î ¿Â Çö½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀεéÀº ÀÏ»ó »ýÈ°¿¡¼­ ºÒ±³, µµ±³, À¯±³, ÅäÂøÁ¾±³ÀÇ ½Å¾Ó°ú ½ÇõÀ» ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô Á¶È­½ÃÄѳ»´Â üÇèÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
- But in the West, such double belonging does not come naturally as it does for many Asians. So we are studying it more consciously –and more academically and theologically. In a sense we are trying to make explicit the value of double belonging and the religious justification for it.
- Here, I believe, Korean Christians – especially those who demonstrate in front of Buddhist temples – may have something to learn from this Western conversation.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® ¼­¾ç¿¡¼­´Â ±×·± µÎ ÀüÅë¿¡ ¼ÓÇϱⰡ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿ì¸® ¼­¾çÀεéÀº µÎ ÀüÅë¿¡ ¼ÓÇϱ⸦ ´õ ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î, Áï, ´õ Çй®Àû, ½ÅÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶² Àǹ̿¡¼­ ¿ì¸® ¼­¾çÀεéÀº µÎ ÀüÅë¿¡ ¼ÓÇϱâÀÇ °¡Ä¡¿Í ±×°ÍÀÇ Á¾±³Àû Á¤´çÈ­¸¦ ´õ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ÀÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¹Ù·Î ÀÌ Á¡¿¡¼­ Àú´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµÀεé, ƯÈ÷ ºÒ±³ »çÂûÀ» ħÀÔÇØ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å² ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀº ¼­±¸¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â ºÒ±³-±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ´ëÈ­ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹è¿ö¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í º¾´Ï´Ù.
B. My personal journey toward interreligious dialogue and double-belonging
1. My own journey toward realizing the importance of dialogue among religions began some 60 years ago when as a young boy I decided that I wanted to become a Roman Catholic missionary.
Á¾±³°£ÀÇ ´ëÈ­ÀÇ Á߿伺À» ÀÚ°¢ÇÏ¸ç ½ÃÀÛµÈ ÀúÀÇ ¿µÀû ¿©ÇàÀº ¾à 60¿©³â Àü, ¾î¸° ¼Ò³âÀ̾ú´ø Á¦°¡ °¡Å縯 ¼±±³»ç°¡ µÇ·Á°í °á½ÉÇß´ø ¶§ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
- I joined the Society of the Divine Word and wanted to become a missionary out of love for persons of other religions. But if I loved them, I felt I had to convert them, for I firmly believed that without Jesus they would be lost.
- Every day, three times a day, we said the prayer: “May the darkness of sin and the night of paganism vanish before the light of the Word and the Spirit of grace.” Outside of the light and grace of Christianity, there was only sin and darkness.
Àú´Â [½Å¾ðȸ] the Society of the Divine Word¿¡ °¡ÀÔÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³µéÀ» ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶ûÀ¸·Î, ¼±±³»ç°¡ µÇ°íÀÚ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½Ã Àú´Â Á¦°¡ ±×µéÀ» »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×µéÀ» °³Á¾½ÃÄѾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù°í ´À²¼½À´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¿¹¼ö´Ô ¾øÀÌ ±×µéÀº ±¸¿ø¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í È®°íÈ÷ ¹Ï¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¸ÅÀÏ, ÇÏ·ç ¼¼¹ø, ¿ì¸®´Â “ÁËÀÇ ¾îµÒ°ú À̱³µµÀÇ ¹ãÀÌ ¸»¾¸°ú ÀºÇýÀÇ ¼º·ÉÀÇ ºû ¾Õ¿¡¼­ »ç¶óÁö°Ô ÇϼҼ­”¶ó°í ±âµµÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ºû°ú ÀºÇý ¹Ù±ù¿¡´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ÁË¿Í ¾îµÒ¸¸ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
- But in order to convert Buddhists and Muslims and Hindus, I had to know something about them. So I started to study these religions. And this is where my problems – my happy problems I should call them – began.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ºÒ±³, ¹«½½¸², ±×¸®°í ÈùµÎµéÀ» °³Á¾½ÃÅ°±â À§Çؼ­ Àú´Â ±×µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹¹µç ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß¸¸ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ À̵é Á¾±³µéÀ» ¿¬±¸Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù·Î °Å±â¿¡¼­ Á¦ ¹®Á¦µéÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð, °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î º¼ ¶§, ±× ¹®Á¦µéÀº “ÇູÇÑ ¹®Á¦µé”À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
- The more I learned about other religions, and especially the more opportunity I had to meet practicing Buddhists and Hindus and Muslims, the more I began to question my belief that they contained only sin and darkness.
- I started to wonder whether truth and grace and light can be found in many religions, not just in my own.
Á¦°¡ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹è¿ì¸é ¹è¿ï¼ö·Ï, ƯÈ÷ ºÒÀÚ, ÈùµÎ, ¹«½½¸²µéÀ» ¸¸³ª´Â ±âȸ°¡ ¸¹¾ÆÁö¸é ¸¹¾ÆÁú¼ö·Ï, Àú´Â ÀÌ¿ôÁ¾±³ÀεéÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ÁË¿Í ¾îµÒ¸¸À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àǹ®À» °®°Ô µÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
Áø¸®, ÀºÇý, ºûÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯ Á¾±³µé¿¡¼­µµ ¹ß°ßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÎÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¿ÀÁ÷ Á¦°¡ ¹Ï´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ±³¿¡¸¸ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÎÁö Àǹ®À» °®±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
2. And just at the point where I had so many unsettling questions about other religions, I was sent to Rome, Italy to begin my four years of theological studies prior to being ordained a priest.
±×·±µ¥, ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³µé°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¸¶À½ÀÇ µ¿¿ä¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ¹°À½µéÀ» °®°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§, »çÁ¦·Î ¼­Ç°¹Þ±â Àü 4³â µ¿¾È ½ÅÇÐ °øºÎ¸¦ Çϱâ À§ÇØ ·Î¸¶·Î °¡°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
- I arrived in Rome in September 1962, just two weeks before some 2000 Catholic bishops from all over the world marched into St. Peter’s Basilica behind Pope John XXIII to begin the Second Vatican Council.
Àú´Â 1962³â 9¿ù ·Î¸¶¿¡ µµÂøÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§°¡ ±³È² ¿äÇÑ 23¼¼¿Í 2õ¿©¸íÀÇ ¼¼°è °¡Å縯 ÁÖ±³µéÀÌ ¿ª»çÀûÀÎ Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙƼĭ °øÀÇȸ¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼º º£µå·Î ¼º´çÀ¸·Î ÇàÁøÇØ µé¾î°¡´ø ¶§·ÎºÎÅÍ 2ÁÖ ÀüÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
- As many of you may know, this Council brought about tremendous changes in the Catholic Church. Among these changes was a new attitude toward other religions. The Council declared that there is much truth and goodness to be found in all religions, that God is working in other religions, and that Christians are called to dialogue and learn from these religions.
- Here I must say that the Korean Christians who have demonstrated before and denigrated Buddhist temples do not believe in the same God that many other Christians believe in – the God that the Vatican Council tells cannot be contained in any one religion.
¿©·¯ºÐµµ ¾Æ½Ã´Ù½ÃÇÇ, Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙƼĭ °øÀÇȸ´Â °¡Å縯 ±³È¸¿¡ ¾öû³­ º¯È­¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ º¯È­µé Áß¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åµµ º¯È­µµ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °øÀÇȸ´Â ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³µé ¾È¿¡ Áø¸®¿Í ¼±ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ÇÏ´À´ÔÀº ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³ ¾È¿¡¼­µµ ¿ª»çÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀº À̵é Á¾±³¿Í ´ëÈ­ÇÏ°í ¹è¿ìµµ·Ï ºÎ¸§ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
¿©±â¿¡¼­ Àú´Â ºÒ±³ »çÂû¿¡ µé¾î°¡ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å² Çѱ¹ ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ¹Ï´Â ÇÏ´À´ÔÀº ´Ù¸¥ ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ¹Ï´Â ÇÏ´À´Ô°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ¸»¾¸µå¸®°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. ¹ÙƼĭ °øÀÇȸ°¡ °í¹éÇÏ´Â ÇÏ´À´ÔÀº ¾î´À ÇÑ Á¾±³ ¾È¿¡ Á¦ÇÑµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.
3. So with the encouragement of the Second Vatican Council, I went on to write my doctoral dissertation on how Christians can better dialogue with persons of other religions.
ÀÌ·¸°Ô, Á¦2Â÷ ¹ÙƼĭ °øÀÇȸÀÇ Àڱذú ÇÔ²², Àú´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³Àεé°ú ´õ ±íÀÌ ´ëÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ú»ç³í¹®À» ¾²°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
- And when I finished my doctoral studies in Germany and returned to the United States in 1972 to start my teaching career, I began to study other religions even more deeply. Not only that, I began to dialogue with practicing Buddhists, and Muslims and Hindus and Native Americans. And more and more, I found that I was learning so much and being enriched through these studies.
µ¶ÀÏ¿¡¼­ ¹Ú»ç°úÁ¤À» ¸¶Ä¡°í 1972³â ¹Ì±¹À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Í ±³¼ö »ýÈ°À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³µéÀ» ´õ ±íÀÌ ¿¬±¸Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ºÒÀÚ, ¹«½½¸², ÈùµÎ, ¹Ì±¹ ¿øÁֹεé°ú ´ëÈ­Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·²¼ö·Ï ´Ù¸¥ Á¾±³·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹è¿ï °Ô ³Ê¹« ¸¹°í, ±× ¹è¿òÀ» ÅëÇØ Á¦ ½Å¾Ó°ú ½ÅÇÐÀÌ Ç³¿ä·Î¿öÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.
4. But although I was dialoguing with many religions, I felt myself being drawn, both intellectually and spiritually, to Buddhism. And I began to practice Zen meditation daily.
±×·¸°Ô ¿©·¯ Á¾±³µé°ú ´ëÈ­ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, Àú´Â ÁöÀû, ¿µÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒ±³¿¡ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ²ø¸®°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ´À²¼½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¸ÅÀÏ Âü¼± ¼öÇàÀ» Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
- Over these many years, I have come to realize that Buddhism has gradually become not only a subject that I study but a subject or practice that has profoundly affected me and the way I understand myself and my own Christian practice.
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¿©·¯ Çظ¦ º¸³»¸é¼­, Àú´Â Á¡Â÷ ºÒ±³°¡ Á¦ Çй®ÀÇ ÇÑ ´ë»óÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àú ÀڽŰú ÀúÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä¿¡ Áö´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ¼öÇàÀÌ µÇ¾î°£´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý±â ½ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
- I realized that more and more I was, as it were, listening to Jesus with Buddha’s ears. Or to change this metaphor, I was viewing and looking into my own Christian beliefs with Buddhist glasses. And my Buddhist glasses enabled me to see things in Jesus and in Christian belief that I could have never seen without these glasses.
Àú´Â Á¡Á¡ ´õ ºÎó´ÔÀÇ ±Í·Î ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀÇ ¸»¾¸À» µè°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ºñÀ¯¸¦ µé¾î ¸»¾¸µå¸°´Ù¸é, Àú´Â ºÒ±³ÀÇ ¾È°æÀ» ¾²°í ÀúÀÇ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦°¡ ¾´ ºÒ±³ÀÇ ¾È°æÀº Àü¿¡´Â ±× ¾È°æ ¾øÀÌ´Â °áÄÚ º¼ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» ¿¹¼ö´Ô°ú ±âµ¶±³ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ³»¿ëµéÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
- I had become, without intending it or realizing it, a Buddhist Christian.
ÀǵµÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®Áöµµ ¸øÇÑ Ã¤, Àú´Â ºÒÀÚ-±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
5. That’s why I wrote this book – to lay out for myself and for others how Buddhism had informed my Christian beliefs. In particular, I wanted to see if what I was experiencing and doing as a “Buddhist Christian” made sense for, and could be accepted by, my Christian community.
- I also wanted to hear from my Buddhist friends what they thought of the way Buddhism was helping me be a Christian. – And I look forward to hearing what you think!
Á¦°¡ [ºÎó´Ô ¾øÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù]¸¦ ¾²°Ô µÈ ÀÌÀ¯´Â, ¾î¶»°Ô ºÒ±³°¡ Á¦ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½Å¾ÓÀ» »õ·Ó°Ô ¾Ë°Ô Çß´ÂÁö ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇÔÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ Á¦°¡ ºÒÀÚ-±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ üÇèÇÏ°í ½ÇõÇØ¿Â °ÍÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ °øµ¿Ã¼ ¾È¿¡¼­µµ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áö ¾Ë°í ½Í¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ Àú´Â ºÒ±³°¡ Àú¸¦ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀ̵µ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¦ ºÒÀÚ Ä£±¸µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â Áö µè°í ½Í¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. À̹ø ¿©Çà Áß¿¡ ÀúÀÇ ºÒÀÚ-±×¸®½ºµµÀÎ µÊ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÒÀÚ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ» µè°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù.
C. The book embodies my “passing over and passing back”
ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ºÒ±³·Î “³Ñ¾î°¨”°ú ±×¸®½ºµµ±³·Î “µ¹¾Æ¿È”À» ±¸Ã¼È­ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
- In each chapter I try to show how Buddhism has affected my understanding of the foundational teachings of Christianity – about God, about Jesus, about life after death, about prayer, and especially about social action. My goal is to show how Buddhism has enabled me deal with some of the questions and difficulties I have with many Christian beliefs.
ÀÌ Ã¥ÀÇ °¢ Àå¿¡¼­ Àú´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ºÒ±³°¡ ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀû °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÀÇ ÀÌÇØ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°íÀÚ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÇÏ´À´Ô, ¿¹¼ö´Ô, »çÈÄÀÇ »î, ±âµµ, ±×¸®°í ƯÈ÷ »çȸ¿îµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¦ ¸ñÇ¥´Â Á¦°¡ ÀDZ¸½ÉÀ» °®°Å³ª ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̱⠾î·Á¿öÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ¹®Á¦µéÀ» ºÒ±³°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ´Ù·ê ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁÖ¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
- My goal/hope is not to throw out Christian beliefs and replace them with Buddhist beliefs. Rather, it is to try to reinterpret, review, and re-appropriate my Christian beliefs and experience with the help of Buddha.
Á¦ ¸ñÇ¥¿Í Èñ¸ÁÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¹ö¸®°í ºÒ±³ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °®´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ±×º¸´Ù´Â, ºÎó´ÔÀÇ µµ¿òÀ¸·Î ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ½Å¾Ó°ú üÇèÀ» ÀçÇؼ®ÇÏ°í, ÀçÀ½¹ÌÇÏ°í, Àç½ÂÀÎÇÏ·Á°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
- To give you an idea of what I’m attempting to do in this book, let me try to summarize one of the chapters – the one titled “Jesus the Christ and Gautama the Buddha.”
ÀÌ Ã¥¿¡¼­ Á¦°¡ ½ÃµµÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÎÁö ¿©·¯ ºÐÀÌ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï, ¿À´Ã ÀÌ ÀÚ¸®¿¡¼­´Â, Á¦ Ã¥ÀÇ ÇÑ ÀåÀÎ “¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ¿Í °íŸ¸¶ º×´Ù”¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»¾¸µå¸®°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
III. Jesus and Buddha.
- Buddhism has helped me understand more coherently and I believe more engagingly two of the central teachings of Christianity: that Jesus is the “Son of God” and that Jesus is “Savior of the world.”
ºÒ±³´Â Àú·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ µÎ °¡¸£Ä§À» ´õ Á¶¸®ÀÖ°í ÀǹÌÀÖ°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀº “ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé”À̶ó´Â °¡¸£Ä§°ú ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀº “±¸¼¼ÁÖ”¶ó´Â °¡¸£Ä§ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
A. Jesus Son of God: His divine nature = his enlightened nature?
1. What do Christians really mean when they say that Jesus is “the Son of God” or that Jesus is divine?
±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀº ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ°í ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀº ½ÅÀûÀÎ ºÐÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¶§, ±×µéÀÌ Á¤¸» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀϱî¿ä?
- To take these statements literally seems to be an offense to what Christians believe is the nature of God. God is beyond reproduction and does not have offspring as humans do. Also, to insist that Jesus is God suggests that the immensity of the Divine can be contained in one finite human being.
±× ½Å¾ÓÀû, ½ÅÇÐÀû Áø¼úµéÀ» ¹®ÀÚÀûÀ¸·Î ÃëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ º»¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏ´À´ÔÀº Àΰ£Ã³·³ ÀÚ½ÄÀ» ³º´Â ±×·± ºÐÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀº ½ÅÀûÀÎ ºÐ, ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ̶ó´Â ÁÖÀåµµ ½Å¼ºÀÇ ¹«Çѱ¤´ëÇÔÀÌ À¯ÇÑÇÑ Àΰ£Á¸Àç ¾È¿¡ ´ã±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °Ô µÇ°í ¸¿´Ï´Ù.
- Questions grow even more uncomfortable when scholars of the New Testament tell us that Jesus never really called himself God and that the passages in the New Testament where he seems to do so were later interpretations of the early community of Jesus-followers.
- The first Christians called Jesus “Son of God” not because Jesus told them to but because of the way they experienced him both before and after his death.
½Å¾àÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀº °áÄÚ ´ç½ÅÀ» ÇÏ´À´ÔÀ̶ó°í ÀÚĪÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀ» ¸¶Ä¡ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÎ °Íó·³ ¸»¾¸ÇϽô ¼º¼­ º»¹®µéµµ ¿¹¼ö´Ô²²¼­ Á÷Á¢ ÇϽŠ¸»¾¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀ» µû¸£´ø Ãʱ⠱׸®½ºµµ±³ °øµ¿Ã¼ÀÇ Çؼ®À̾úÀ» »ÓÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ½Å¾àÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â ¿ì¸®·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀº ½ÅÀ̶ó´Â ÁÖÀå¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ Å« ÀDZ¸½ÉÀ» °®°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
- Ãʱ⠱׸®½ºµµÀεéÀº ¿¹¼ö°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ±×·¸°Ô ¸»¾¸Ç߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀ» ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥ °Ô ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ±×º¸´Ù´Â ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀÇ Á×À½ ÀÌÀü°ú ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ±×µéÀÌ ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀ» üÇèÇÑ ¹æ½Ä ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×·¸°Ô ºÒ·¶½À´Ï´Ù.
- So what were they trying to say when they called him divine? – Here is where, I have found, Buddhism can be of help.
±×·¸´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀÌ ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀ» ½ÅÀûÀÎ ºÐÀ̶ó°í °í¹éÇßÀ» ¶§, ±×µéÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ°íÀÚ Çß´ø °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀϱî¿ä? Àú´Â ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ÁöÁ¡¿¡¼­ ºÒ±³°¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
2. Buddhism reminds us Christians that our central and self-identifying claim that Jesus is “the Son of God” is a “finger pointing to the moon.” Like all religious language, it is trying to say something that will always be beyond words.
- This claim, this doctrine about Jesus as God’s Son, is precious, it’s powerful, it’s essential to Christian identity – but it cannot be identified with the Mystery that it is pointing to. Its truth goes much deeper than its literal meaning. To take it literally is to miss its true, its deeper meaning.
ºÒ±³´Â ¿ì¸® ±×¸®½ºµµÀε鿡°Ô ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀº “ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé”À̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °í¹éÀÌ °á±¹ “´ÞÀ» °¡¸®Å°´Â ¼Õ°¡¶ô”ÀÏ »ÓÀ̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» »ó±â½ÃÄÑ ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç Á¾±³¾ð¾î¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ±× ¸» ¿ª½Ã ¾ð¾î·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÏ »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
3. To get at, and feel, that deeper meaning, Buddhism has helped me to appreciate and repossess what is called Spirit Christology. This is an understanding of Jesus that is present in the New Testament and within our tradition but that has to a great extent been neglected.
¿¹¼ö´ÔÀº “ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ¾Æµé”À̶ó´Â ¸»ÀÇ ´õ ±íÀº Àǹ̸¦ ¾Ë°í, ´À³¢µµ·Ï, ºÒ±³´Â Àú¿¡°Ô “¿µ ±×¸®½ºµµ·Ð” Spirit ChristologyÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ȸº¹Çϵµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â »ç½Ç ½Å¾à¼º¼­¿Í ±×¸®½ºµµ±³ ÀüÅë¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÖ¾î¿Ô´ø ¿¹¼ö´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÑ ÀÌÇØÀÌÁö¸¸ Å©°Ô ¹«½ÃµÇ¾î¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù.
- Jesus is divine because of the way he was fully transparent to the Spirit that was part and parcel of his very human nature.
- We can say that Jesus “woke up” to the Spirit that was part of his very nature. He was enlightened in and through the Spirit. He became aware of what he really was: a manifestation or what Christians call an “incarnation” of the Spirit, of the Divine that pervades and moves within all human beings and all reality.
¿¹¼ö´ÔÀÌ ½ÅÀûÀÎ Á¸ÀçÀ̴̼ø °ÍÀº ±×°¡ Àΰ£À¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ±×ÀÇ º»¼ºÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÎ ¼º·É°ú ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Çϳª µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶Ä¡ ±×ÀÇ Á¸Àç°¡ Åõ¸íÇؼ­ ¼º·ÉÀÌ ±×¸¦ ±×´ë·Î Åõ°úÇؼ­ º¸¿©ÁöµíÀÌ ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
- ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀº ±×ÀÇ º»¼ºÀÇ ºÎºÐÀÎ ¼º·ÉÀ» ÇâÇØ “±ú¾î³µ´Ù”°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ¼º·É ¾È¿¡¼­, ¼º·ÉÀ» ÅëÇØ ±ú´ÞÀ½À» ¾òÀº °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºÒ±³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×ÀÇ Áø¾Æ, Âü ³ª¸¦ ±ú´ÞÀº °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ¿µÀÇ, ½Å¼ºÀÇ ÇöÇö ȤÀº ¼ºÀ°½Å incarnationÀ̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿µ, ½Å¼ºÀº ¸ðµç Àΰ£, ¸ðµç Á¸Àç ¾È¿¡ ½º¸çµé¾î ÀÖ°í ±× ¾È¿¡¼­ ¿òÁ÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
±â»ç¿¡ ¸¸Á·Çϼ̽À´Ï±î?
ÀÚ¹ßÀû À¯·á µ¶ÀÚ¿¡ µ¿ÂüÇØ ÁֽʽÿÀ.


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